Hugh's Podcasting 101
- listeners: podcasting is a way to get and store audio (and other content)
Advantage: THEY don't tell you when to listen, or what to listen to. - soundmakers: podcasting is a way to distribute audio content all over the world.
Advantage: cheap. easy. THEY don't decide who, what, when ... podcasters (you) do.
- "Podcast"... wha?
- History of Podcasting
- What's It All About?
- So Who's Podcasting?
- Some Predictions/Conclusions
Part 1: About Podcasting
"Podcast"... wha?
Apple ipod (mp3 player) + Broadcast = podcast
The name is a little misleading: many different companies make portable mp3 players (iriver, neuros, etc), and you can listen to podcasts on your computer. You don't need to buy an ipod to produce, or listen to podcasts.
History of Podcasting
Web radio and streaming audio have been around for a long while, and were pretty cool. But streaming web radio was constrained by the same problems as traditional radio broadcast: you had to tune in when they told you to, or you'd miss it.
Blogs and websites have been posting audio for a long time, too, but they suffered from the same problems as traditional websites: you had to go look at the website and manually download the audio files and play them.
But when you throw RSS feeds (essentially an automatic subscription service) into the mix, and a means to collect and download specific media files, you've got something new: a way to dowload the exact audio you want, automatically, as soon as it's available. And then listen to it when and where you wish.
Between 2001 and 2004 podcasting gestated: sometime around October 2004, podcasting proper was born.
Famous names in the birth of podcasting: RSS creator Dave Weiner; former MTV VJ and audiowebber Adam Curry (wp); web-guy Tristan Louis (wp); radio man Christopher Lydon (wp); probable inventor of the word podcast, writer Ben Hammersley (wp).
What's It All About?
Podcasting means that the three dimensions constraining (audio) broadcasting have disappeared: time of broadcast; space on the radio dial; cost of production and distribution. (Note that podcasting applies to, and in fact refers to video distribution as well). That is:
What time is (...) on? The time you broadcast is no longer relevant, because people can listen whenever they want (and note you don't have to cut off Noam Chomsky anymore, because you can break for commercials whenever you want, or not at all).
Space on the dial. Who gets to broadcast on the radio? In most countries, the government auctions off radio frequencies that an entity may broadcast on in a particular region. Or, for people who think radios are mysterious (like me): the government sells the numbers on your radio dial. The space on that dial is finite -- only so many signals can float through the air. Translation: rich companies and governments get to buy up all the space on the radio dial. And you can go to jail for setting up your own pirate radio show without a license. Now, the dial is the internet, and it's (essentially) infinite. There's no limit to the number of podcasts, and the government has little if any control over who podcasts and what they podcast.
Money. Broadcast radio is expensive. You need antennas, studios, microphones ... thousands and thousands and thousands of dollars. Podcasting costs: a computer (which you have access to if you're reading this) maybe a mic (you can spend $20 or $250, or just use the internal mic most comuters have these days) and an internet connection. Oh and some free software to record and edit your audio files. Hosting can be done for free. So if you've got a computer and an internet connection, you're in business without any financial outlays. Or you can get fancy and buy a nice mic and maybe a preamp. But you don't need to.
So Who's Podcasting?
Traditional broadcasters, amateurs, and new stuff every day. Here just a collection of some available podcasts:
Public Broadcasters
- BBC (19 shows, including In Our Time)
- Autralian Radio National (17 shows, including the Science Show)
- NPR (46! shows, including the Enviornment Report)
- CBC (a dismal, woeful, embarassing, pathetic and shocking 3 shows, including CBC Radio 3, which, despite CBC's clear cluelessness about podcasting, is consistently the number 1 download on iTunes podcast directory)
- Radio-Canada (better than CBC, with 6 shows, including Indicatif présent...note "podcast" translates, apparently, to, "baladodiffusion" in Québécois)
All the biggies have podcasts too: CBS, CNN, ESPN.
DYI Individuals
But the exciting thing is that people of all stripes are podcasting, on topics that interest them, just about anything you can think of:
- Vu d'ici: music and talk
- RadioClash: music, mashups, and talk
- Podchef: cooking and food politics
- LibriVox: public domain books
- Bicyclemark: progressive news and politics
- Wordnerds: grammar, words, language
- Amazing Kids: a dad and his kids
- Christian Podcast Network: godcast
- Endgadget: gizmos and technology
- The Good Beer Show: self-explanatory
- Chess is cool: chess
- Knitcast: knitting
- etc etc etc.
One area that's really exciting -- for those of you who think information should be free -- is educational podcasts. We'll see more profs putting their lectures online soon. Here are some universities with podcasts:
- Purdue (eg., HIST105 Survey of Global History)
- University of Hawaii (eg., ICS101 - Tools for the Information Age)
- Harvard (eg., CSIE-1 - Understanding Computers and the Internet)
Politicians, corporations, NGOs & non-profits, governments, professional societies, student clubs, sports teams ... in short: EVERYONE.
Some Predictions/Conclusions
- Pocasting means more people will create, not just listen
- Audio will become an increasingly important format
- Traditional broadcasters will be squeezed (especially those who do not understand the coming shifts ... eg. our own Canadian Broadcasting Corporation)
- Information will continue to seek and find freedom
- The traditional power structures of tellers and told will continue to break down, and reemerge as many conversations
Part 2: How-to Create and Listen to a Podcast
The Basics
To create a podcast, here's a short list of what you need:
- audio recorder (your computer & maybe a mic)
- audio editing & conversion software (free software)
- the internet
- server space to host the files
- RSS feed with audio enclosures to distribute your podcast.
- podcast receiver software (free)
- an mp3 playing machine (portable, or your computer)
- STEP ZERO: The Easy Way
Goto a podcast farm, such as podomatic, set up an account, record, press publish & you're done. - STEP 1: Record your audio
-get some recording software: Audacity is free software, multiplatform Windows/OSX/GNULinux. (Note you will also need the free LAME encoder to export to mp3)
-most computers have an internal mic.
optional: a microphone ($20-$300)
optional: a preamp ($100-$500)
-start recording ... you can edit if you want, or not.
- STEP 2: A place to put your files online
Ourmedia.org will host your audio files for free. Or you can use commercial server space. - STEP 3: generate your podcast feed
-this is just an RSS feed with audio enclosures
-get a free blog (say at blogsome.com)
-generate a feed with audio enclosures (either yourself, or using a free service like feedburner)
- STEP 4: catch your podcast
-download a podcast receiver (eg the free software juice, iTunes)
-click on "ADD FEED" and paste your podcast feed
- STEP 5: listen
-free mp3 players for your computers inculde iTunes and winamp
The "hard" way:
*note if all you want to do listen, use step 4 & 5 only.
**assuming you have access to a computer and internet
Some Other Links
